2012年10月22日 星期一

Leventhal(1980)程序公正理論


2012-1022(閱讀)


Leventhal, G.S., 1980, What should be done with equity theory? edited by Kenneth J. Gergen and Martin S.  Greenberg and Richard H. Willis, Social Exchange:Advances in Theory and Research, New York; Plenum, 27-55. (ISBN: 0306403951, 9780306403958).- 20081022已數位化.-台灣大學圖書館總館:HM24 So13(條碼:1310687)


Leventhal等(1980)將程序公正的思想引入組織研究中,提出程序公正理論:


七個不同層面來考慮程序的構成要素(procedural elements)

 選擇委託人(selection of agents):規範應由誰負責制定分配決策的程序
     (procedures for determining who makes allocation decisions)。

 設定基礎法則(setting ground rules):規範須達成的目標、評估標準及可能的獎勵的程序
      (procedures for determining and evaluating potential rewards, and the behaviors necessary to attain them)。

 搜集資訊(gathering information):搜集與運用獲獎勵者資訊的程序
     (procedures for obtaining and using information about reward recipients)。

 決策結構(decision structure):明確定義分配決策過程的程序
     (procedures for defining the structure of the allocative decision process)。

 申訴(appeals):針對不滿的決策尋求改善的程序
     (procedures for seeking redress against unsatisfactory decisions)。

 預防措施(safeguards):確保決策權力核心不會濫用職權的程序
     (procedures for ensuring that the decision-making body does not abuse its power)。

 改變機制(change mechanisms):授權改變分配作法的程序
     (procedures enabling allocation practices to be altered)。



主要是程序公正的6個標準。
一致性規則(consistency rule):
     即分配程序對不同的參與者或在不同的時間應該維持一致性;
     (allocation procedures should be consistent across persons and over time)

避免偏見規則(bias suppression rule):在分配過程中應該摒棄私利和偏見;
     (personal self-interest in the allocation process should be prevented)

準確性規則(accuracy rule):即決策應該依據正確的訊息;
     (decisions must be based on accurate information)

可修正規則(correctability rule):即決策應該有可修正的機會;
     (opportunities  must  exist  to  enable decisions to be modified)

代表性規則(representative rule):即分配程序能代表反應所有相關參與者的權利;
     (the allocation process must represent the concerns of  all recipients)

道德與倫理規則(moral and ethical rule):
   即分配程序必須符合一般能够接受的道德與倫理標準。
     (allocations  must be based on prevailing moral and ethical standards)

see also
Folger, R., Greenberg, J. (1985): Procedural Justice: An Interpretive Analysis of Personnel Systems, in: Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, v.3 (141-183)(註:上列7要素和6原則出現在 page 146)

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